In strip or surface mining, the land is first cleared of trees and other vegetation and then layers of soil and rock are removed to access the minerals below. When mining activity ceases, the mined areas can be restored to their natural habitat through carefully designed reforestation programmes.

Reforestation prevents soil erosion, creates a healthy and diverse ecosystem where native species of flora and fauna can thrive, mitigates the impact of climate change and also provides employment for local communities.

Site Assessment

Before reforestation can begin, the mined site is assessed and its climate, topography, soil quality and the local plant and animal species are evaluated. Only then is a reforestation plan developed.

Soil Preparation

Mining activities can deplete the soil and make it quite compacted. Sometimes the soil needs to be loosened and aerated and can benefit from the use of nutrients. Non-native species can be removed at this stage.

Hiring local machinery and operators for preparing the soil generates jobs for the community.

Plant Selection & Planting

Only native species that thrive in the local climate are selected for planting. They are sourced from local nurseries and are either planted by hand or through mechanised methods. Plant seeds can also be spread over the site. For successful growth, the right spacing and depth for saplings as well as seeds is vital.

The involvement of the mining community in the planting process creates jobs for those who may have earlier worked on the same mine.

Monitoring

Ongoing maintenance is essential after planting or seeding. Regular checks on plant growth, weed growth and protection against pests and diseases can ensure the success of reforestation programmes. Watering and use of fertilizers may also be needed.

Habitat Restoration

Over time, the reforested area gets restored to its original habitat. As the forest ecosystem develops, it draws insects, birds and animals, creating a more balanced and biodiverse environment.

Reforestation of strip mining sites is an important aspect of sustainable land use and responsible mining. Coal mines in South and other parts of the world are shining examples of reforestation efforts, as is a remote iron ore mine in Brazil.